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Posts Tagged ‘writing’

Secrets To Shiny, Finished Content

Friday, April 17th, 2009
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This post is the final part of a short series about the writing process and how to create content from start to finish.

Being done.  It’s a nice feeling- we all get to mark something off of our lists.  People who use our content are happy there’s new stuff to consume.  You’ll get the opportunity to work on something different.  The sense of accomplishment is in the air.

How do you know when you’re done with a piece of content?  That’s what the second edit is for.  Here are some techniques I use for the final piece:

  • Know The Difference Between Editing And Changing

There’s a point where you are no longer making progess in an edit.  If you’re really banging your head against the wall over a phrase or a sentence, try omitting it.  Most good editing is about cutting things out.

But if you just can’t stop yourself from going back to it (and this applies to the piece as a whole, too), realize that you’re wasting your time.  After a certain point, you can no longer improve writing; you can only change it.  It’s not better, it’s just different.  Recognize that and move on.

  • Use Cues

In the last post, we talked about creating some markers for tone and style.  You want examples from your first edit on what works well.  You also want some signposts on what to stay away from, too, especially if you’re creating content for a client, your supervisor, etc.  For a consistent and coherent piece of writing, it’s important to stick with those cues.

I sometimes keep sentences that I’ve edited out on the first round.  Move them to the bottom of the page.  If you get stuck on a phrase or sentence later in the piece, you can refer to what you’re excluding.  If the part in question looks or sounds something like that, axe it.

  • Read Out Loud

Read the entire piece out loud to yourself.  If you have to stop to make a correction, go back a bit before starting again, just to pick up the rhythm.  Don’t skip anything; read through to the end.

It’s surprising how many people choose not to do this.  It’s an easy check, and it makes a huge difference in the quality of your finished work.  Plus, reading aloud helps to prepare you for other writing- hearing the words that you’ve created can be a confidence booster, and that’s hugely important when writing content.

  • Always Preview

The way your writing sounds when you write it can be completely different when you publish it, depending on format.  Always preview your content in the format that it will be published in.

The design is just as important as the content.  O.k., maybe not in every format- there’s not much design content in, say, a congressional report.  But maybe there should be (they’d have a better chance at getting read).

A lot of people look forward to editing; the hard part, creating, is done.  Others dread editing, feeling like it bogs down the process.  Whatever your feelings on it, you have to edit.  At least twice.  If you want professional looking work, there’s no other way to do it. There are no shortcuts.

After going through your second edit, you should be ready to publish.  Don’t consider your work done until, well, you’re done.

If You’re Bored Editing, You’ll End Up With Boring Writing

Wednesday, April 15th, 2009
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This post is part of a series about the writing process and how to create content from start to finish.

Have you ever used a pressure washer?  Like, the gun you get to spray at a self-serve car wash?  First edits are like that.  You’re applying pressure to your sentences, your thoughts.  The loose stuff gets blasted away, and the strong parts remain, nice and shiny.

Editing should be the most exciting thing about writing.  Well, almost.  Finding that creative streak that dumps ideas on the page like up-ending a stocking at Christmas- that’s the most exciting part.

But the almost-as-exciting part of creating content is editing.  Editing is about flow.  It’s about form.  It’s the true expression of what you mean to say when you write.

  • Uncovering Treasure

What are you uncovering?  I look for 3 things:  tone, style, and structure.  I’ve usually taken my cue on these through collaborating with a client, so I’ve started with some direction to begin with.  But they can be whatever you’d like, as long as it’s clear and consistent.  On the edit, you want these elements to come through with presence.

  • It’s Mostly Subtraction

Jam everything into your draft.  That’s what it’s for- inclusion.  The way to edit, then, is to go in and see what you can take out.  Strip your piece all the way down.  Get rid of the clutter.  Here’s an example I like a lot from William Zinsser

Clutter is the ponderous euphemism that turns a slum into a depressed socio-economic area, and garbage collectors into waste disposal personnel… I saw an ad for a boys’ camp designed to provide “individual attention for the minimally exceptional”.

A lot of business writing suffers terribly from clutter.  Somehow, long phrases and big words feel like they’re a good substitute for ideas.  They’re not.

  • Get Directions

A good way to make sure that your style, tone, and structure are well established is to pick out some prime examples in your draft.  You have to be able to identify those things if you want to recreate them, to strengthen them.

See a phrase that sets the tone?  Make a note of it.  Then, use words that have the same mood and spirit.  Same thing with style.  Be consistent with the techniques you’re using to create your style of writing; it should be efficient and clear.  For structure, try to stick with a form that’s well established and recognizable.

It’s also a goopd idea to get some examples of what to stay away from.  This is especially important if your draft is going to be a template for more content.  For example, if you’re writing an entire website, get a couple of pages through a first draft before you write the whole site.

By the end of your first draft, you should have a workable piece of content, ready for a little more polish.

The Secret To Preparing Your Content

Tuesday, April 14th, 2009
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This post is part of a series about the writing process and how to create content from start to finish.

Of all the elements necessary to create worthwhile content for your site, the one I would recommend most is confidence.

Confidence shines through good writing better than any other characteristic.  If you’re on the web to sell something (even if it’s just an opinion or an idea), then your writing needs to be confident.  It’s the secret ingredient that can make your writing stand out, and get read.

The best way to inject some confidence into your words is to start strong.  Build a good foundation before you build anything else.  Here are some methods you can use to create your first drafts…

  • Sketch It Out

As soon as you start, get away from the computer.  Write your ideas down on paper.  People are often amazed at how this little step can totally transition them from staring at a blank screen in frustration to full-fledged creation.

There’s a visual element to working with pen and paper, too.  It lends itself really well to creating outlines and lists.  Tables, design ideas, anything that takes a little more doing on a computer is worth getting roughed out on paper first.

  • Using Prompts

Writing prompts can start off a piece of content like a ham-bone can start off a pot of pea soup.  You can use promts that you find around the web, or create your own.  Lots of times, just creating a list of prompts is enough to start your draft.

Also, drive your writing prompts to your own experience.  Choose something that you feel comfortable talking about.  If you have to write about a subject that you don’t have much of a background in, choose one that you’re comfortable researching, and include your role as researcher in your writing.

  • Build On Older Content

There are a couple of ways you can create drafts out of content that already exists.  First, take a piece that you like and explode it.  Break down all the parts of what makes it a coherent piece, choose one part as a topic, and go.

Another way to go is to gather 3 or 4 pieces of content with the same subject that you like.  Edit out all the major points into a new document, and organize them into a new peice of writing.  Make sure that you’re adding something, and don’t just cut and paste.  Better to write nothing at all.

  • Keep Moving

First drafts are all about ideas.  Get them down on the page.  In order to do that successfully, you’ve got to write with abandon.  Don’t stop for spelling, for diction, for grammar.  Just keep writing.

Keep in mind the word “draft”.  That’s what you’re shooting for.  Stitching everything together comes in the late stages of your 1st draft, so don’t worry about congruity, at least at first.  You can prove this to yourself by taking two related ideas and tying them together, just for practice.  It’s not too hard, once the ideas are in place.

All of these tips point to the confidence that a good start can give your writing.  If you can just get some of those ideas down, cobbling them together and putting a little polish on top will creat a great first draft.

Next time:  Making Your First Edit Count

How To Take Your Content From Draft To Done

Monday, April 13th, 2009
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This is the first post in a series about the writing process and how to create content from start to finish.

There are as many different ways to write as there are people to write stuff.  But there are a few tried and true methods for creating good, readable web content that are worth getting familiar with.

It’s like the wheel, to use a don’t-re-invent-it example.  If it’s round, and it rolls, it’s probably been used as a wheel before.  But, let’s face it: some wheels are better than others.

With that in mind, here’s how I go through a piece of writing. There are things here that will work for you and things that you’ll tweak.  That’s great- what’s important is the process.

  • Get A Pencil And Paper

I always like to start off away from the keyboard.  This keeps me from trying to write the finished product right off the bat.  I hate writing things out by hand, so this method conveniently keeps me in the “outline/note taking” phase for as long as I need to be.

  • Draft Creation- There Are No Mistakes

?O.k here’s the thing about cerating a 1st draft: you’cve got to put everything on the screaen the 1st time through.  Don’t worry about spelling mistakes, or grammart.  Get the clay on the table–you can mold it later.  Its a hrkd abit to git into, but igt will amakeh y7uou so much mor productive.

(It’s pretty embarrassing to put that up here, but so what.  Here’s the same paragraph after editing)

The most important part of creating a 1st draft is to include all of your mistakes.  If you can let go of trying to make corrections as you write, you’ll get way more done, plain and simple.  Get the clay on the table.  You can mold it later.

  • First Edit- The Ground Rules

I try to establish tone, style, and structure on the first edit.  Initially, you’ll want to do the spellcheck-and-clean-up part.  Then, if you’re working with an editor (or a client), pick out some strong examples of what they’re looking for, and note them in the first draft.  Also, get some examples of what they don’t like.  Once you identify these things, you can make your next edit with some big guideposts to help you.

  • Second Edit- Cut and Polish

Those changes you make on the first edit should get you where you’re going- almost.  Take what you’ve got and read the entire thing aloud.  I can’t stress this enough.  Read-throughs can clue you into a strong flow that silent reading misses.

Also, preview your writing in the space you’ll publish it to.  Sometimes the formatting will reveal words or phrases that don’t quite fit.

  • Final Copy- Ready For Readers

After your second edit, what you have left is your final copy (in this model, anyway.  Some forms of writing can and should have rounds and rounds of editing) .  You might have something to remove here or there, but you should be ready to publish.

Concept and notes.  Draft.  Edit.  Edit.  Publish.  Easy enough, so get to it, eh?  Tomorrow, more on ideas and outlines.

Why Upside-Down Pyramids Make Your Copy Stronger

Tuesday, April 7th, 2009
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We all want strong copy. Well written messages on the web

  • Are easy to understand
  • Offer a clear directive
  • Provide information
  • Make tasks easier

2117929537_50678ff76bWriting something with those qualities takes real practice and effort.  It’s worth gathering as many tips on technique as you can (preferably before you’ve got to sit down and write something).

Here’s one that I really like from Ginny Reddish, who studies and talks about digital usability, and discusses how writing can help or hurt a website.

The inverted pyramid style of writing focuses on this:  Write your point first.  Most web users don’t read more than a few words on each page.  Based on the information they find there, they decide if they’ll read further, or click to somewhere else.  Quickly.

To write in the inverted pyramid style

  • Always put your point at the top of your page
  • Follow with supporting information in the order that it is relevant to readers
  • Conclude with history or background

If you imagine an upside-down pyramid, the wide space at the top signifies your main point.  You write the essence of your message here because that is where most of your readers are.

As you descend the pyramid, the sides narrow.  Visualize fewer and fewer readers as you get closer to the bottom, and you start to get the idea.  A good rule of thumb is write things in order of their importance.

Traditional essay writing is contrary to this idea.  It usually presents a premise, then supporting history and information.  Finally, the conclusion is presented as the main point.  The strongest part is at the bottom.

Web readers won’t wait for that style of writing to unfold.  Flip the pyramid bottom side up, and start with your main point.

3 Ways To Write Like You Mean Business

Tuesday, March 31st, 2009
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Content is King.  Service is Queen.

Your writing doesn’t mean a thing if your audience is not satisfied.   You need to think of it as a package.  Writing + Service = Satisfaction, if you’re into the whole math thing.

Consider the service side of things as you write to provide your readers with that same feeling they get when they spend money.  Because when they read your content, they’re spending something even more valuable: time.  And just like any customer service business, people need to feel like their investment is worthwhile.  Here are some ways to do that.

It’s a good idea to follow the guidelines below.  They’re based on customer service tips offered by copywriter Robert Bly.  If you do, you’re guaranteed to be covering all the bases on the service side of things.  And if your content rocks, too?  Success!

  1. Do a great job every time- no slacking. Baseball players are the only ones who get to have .300 averages; sorry about your luck.  Every time you write, you’ve got to prove that you’re worth reading.  That’s a lot of pressure, but step up, anyway.  If you care about what you’re doing, it’ll show.
  2. Never miss deadlines. There’s a big difference in setting approximate dates and setting deadlines.  Deadlines are content specific, and if you have one, make sure you’re on time.  I spent a year (successfully) making up for a missed deadline for a periodical- a year I could have spent in the good graces of my editor instead of having to prove myself over and over.  Set a date, and meet it.
  3. Give your audience more than they expect. Every time you write, you’ve got to add more value than what your audience was looking for.  As Brian Clark says, content is a war of attrition.  To keep your reader going,make suer each sentence is more worthwhile than the last.

Put those together, and you’ve got a system.  Plug that system into some ways to generate strong content.  Then, let your customers be the judge.

10 Prompts For Killer Content

Friday, March 27th, 2009
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Most of the time, sitting down to work on the content for your site or your blog or your newsletter is a pain in the ass.  Let’s face it:  Most of you don’t like to write.

That’s fine.  We all do tons of things we don’t like.  I don’t particularly like changing diapers, but I do it.

The thing is, with some practice, you can actually fly through the stuff you don’t like.  I still don’t enjoy changing diapers, but I can whip one off and back on like I’m roping a calf.

One way to do that with your writing is to use prompts (I’m not implying that your writing is shitty- I just used that example because I have a one year old).  Teachers (good ones) use this technique all the time to get the writing juices flowing in their students.

Here are ten that you can use any time ideas for subjects are escaping you.

  1. You Best Customer Service Story Anytime is a good time to write about great things you’re doing for your customers.  Be humble, but get the story out there.
  2. New Products You’re Using Actually, it doesn’t even have to be something that you’re using.  What new products are you dreaming up?
  3. A Word On Your Colleagues Pick someone in the industry you respect and talk them up.
  4. A Little History Not everyone knows that you had to eat ramen noodles on stick furniture for 3 years before your business took off.  Tell them.
  5. Best Practices Write a little bit about the standards in your industry.  Comment on why those things work the way they do.
  6. Best Employees Everyone with employees has some.  Write it like an awards ceremony- guaranteed to boost morale.
  7. Food And Beverage This one might seem weak, but people love to find out about new foods.  Is there an office favorite?  What’s the best in town?
  8. Tech Tips You can definitely get traction on tech writing of any kind, as long as it’s useful.  This one might get some good feedback from someone using a tool you haven’t tried.
  9. Local News What’s going on in your neck of the woods?  How is it changing your business?
  10. Location, Location, Location There’s always something about where you live, work, or play that’s worth writing.

The 2 Guildelines Your Writing Must Follow

Monday, March 23rd, 2009
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I’m not a big rules guy.  Especially when it comes to writing copy.  I’m much more in favor of guidelines.

That’s because audiences are different.  They read in different ways.  They respond to different messages.  How are you going to apply rules when the game changes daily?

So these guidelines- they’re ideas that your writing should carry.  They’re not formulas.  Write with them in mind, not with them as a stencil.

The guidelines come from Rafe Esquith, a 5th grade teacher in Los Angeles.  His classroom is exceptional in every way, despite long odds. His book, “Teach Like Your Hair’s On Fire”, explains how a flat refusal to be ordinary provides for a life that’s better than normal.

Here they are:

  1. Be Nice
  2. Work Hard

That’s it.  It works.  Think about it: Rafe has a classrom full -full- of 5th grade kids, and these are the only two directives he has.  He’s sold them on these two ideas because they work.  Because it’s true.

Use them as ideas to guide copy, as criterion to measure a message.  If your writing fits, it automatically appeals to these two basic human qualities that every one of us has.

If you’re service oriented, does your writing follow these rules?

Ben Curnett Is An Expert On Everything. What?

Wednesday, February 18th, 2009
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I was asked by a friend yesterday how copywriters are able to write authentically.

It was a great question, one of those plain-as-the-nose-on-your-face moments.  It went right to the core of what I do.  How are copywriters able to write authentically?  How is copywriting better than writing that comes from the source?

Strangely, I don’t think I’ve ever tried to explain it before.  I’ve talked about process.  I’ve talked about tone.  But never about how I’m in a position to sound authentic about a subject that I’m not an expert on (there are actually quite a few of those).

I flubbed the answer, giving an expansive version of, “That’s just what I do.”   I gave examples.  I talked about how I gather information, and re-assemble it in different ways.  But I didn’t say why I can do that and someone else can’t.  “Because I’m a good writer” gets to the base of it, but it doesn’t go much further.

I think that the question is based on the following premises:

  1. Websites require useful content.
  2. Useful content must come from a reliable source to be valuable.
  3. A non-expert has a tough time sounding like a reliable source.

Everyone can agree on those points.  Now more than ever, content is what makes things move online.  You can’t just throw writing at a template and expect results.  It has to be worthwhile.  If you’re not helping someone gather information or perform a task, you’re bounced.  And you’ve got about a half of a second to prove it.

As a copywriter, you are intimately aware of this with every word.  It all has to count.  There is no filler.  It is poetry in the form of a landing page.

So you study.  And you prepare.  And you play by the best practices you can find.  You create authenticity by assuming the voice, the vernacular, the viewpoint of your audience.

Copywriting is technique, too.  It’s creating words in a way that people will read them.  Expert writing can be very brief, assuming the audience already knows a lot about what they’re saying.  It can also be protracted, assuming all details are equally important.  Copywriters find the kernel, and then use structure, space, and timing to say what needs to be said.  It’s balanced.

My friend who asked the question is a climber, so I thought about a real answer last night using climbing as an example:

Climbers come to a route with tools and technique.  Both are only as valuable as the experience with which they’re used.  As the climber ascends, she uses different methods to link moves together.  Maybe a stem, a mantle, protection here or there, whatever the rock calls for.

But the real thrill comes when she gets to the spot that’s calling for something else, something unique.  She has to think, to imagine, to invent a move that’s different.  It works, because she created it for that specific purpose, that moment on the rock.

That’s how I try to use words.

How To Write Instructions

Monday, February 16th, 2009
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Most marketing contains a call to action.  Lucky for us, we get to define what that call to action is.

Also lucky for us, it’s not always a sale.  Our call to action might be to call the company, use a coupon code, leave a comment, or to login.

A call to action + a process is a task.  And it’s worth writing instructions effectively for tasks.

When you clearly define a task, two things happen: a.) You make it easier for someone to do what you’re asking them to do, and b.) It allows you to better measure the results.

I’ve put together an ordered list of some ways to make instructive communication work.  You can use it as a checklist for making a step-by-step call to action.

Warning: If you’re only providing tips, you don’t need to follow these steps.  These steps are for instructions.

  1. Use numbered lists.
  2. Make your list items short.
  3. Put space between each step.
  4. Start each step with an imperative verb.
  5. Place warnings above the list.
  6. Use the steps as headings for more details.

Use Numbered Lists-  If you need instructions, it indicates that there’s a sequence to your process.  Put things in order using numbers.

Make Your List Items Short- For information to be useful, it has to be read.  You can go along way toward having your instructions read by making them short and simple.

Put Space Between Each Step- Space makes it easier for people to process information, which makes them more likely to follow your instructions.

Start Each Step With An Imperative Verb-   If you want action, let people know by using action verbs.  For example, imperative verbs for the task of tree climbing might include the words grasp, pull, or one of my personal favorites, shimmy.

Place Warnings Above The List- Any pre-requirements for the task should be positioned above the list, not as asterisks below the list.  People should see those before being asked to follow your sequence.

Use The Steps As Headings For More Details- On a web page, for example, you can place your list at the top of the page, and below it, give a little background with your steps defining those sections.  Like the ones here.

*Tip: trust your readers with well written instructions.  If you’ve written things correctly, and you’re not converting, re-examine the task that you’re planning.  (Also, tips are’t steps.  They don’t go in your sequenced task.)